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Lesson 05

match..case Statement — Menu-Driven Programs (Python 3.10+)

Use Python match-case for menu-driven apps: arithmetic operations, base conversion, weekday classification, and default case handling.

Beginner35 min

match..case statement (Python 3.10 onwards)

match..case is a conditional statement for pre-designed conditions and menu-driven applications.

Syntax

python
match choice_expr:
    case choice_label_1:
        block_of_statements_1
    case choice_label_2:
        block_of_statements_2
    case choice_label_n:
        block_of_statements_n
    case _:
        default_block_of_statements

# Other statements in program

Explanation

  • match and case are keywords.
  • choice_expr is typically int, str, or bool.
  • If choice_expr matches a case label, PVM executes that block, then continues with other statements in the program.
  • If no case matches, PVM executes the default block (case _).
  • Writing the default case is optional; if used, it must be last (otherwise SyntaxError).
  • Multiple case labels under one case are combined with the bitwise OR operator |.

Example 1 — Arithmetic operations menu

python
print("=" * 50)
print("\tARITHMETIC OPERATIONS")
print("=" * 50)
print("\t1.Addition")
print("\t2.Substraction")
print("\t3.Multiplication")
print("\t4.Division")
print("\t5.Modulo Div")
print("\t6.Exponentiation")
print("\t7.Exit")

ch = int(input("Enter Ur Choice:"))

match ch:
    case 1:
        a, b = float(input()), float(input())
        print("Sum({},{})={}".format(a, b, a + b))
    case 2:
        a, b = float(input()), float(input())
        print("Sub({},{})={}".format(a, b, a - b))
    case 7:
        print("Thx for using program")
    case _:
        print("Ur selection of Operation is wrong--try again")

print("Program execution completed")

Example 2 — Weekday classification with pipe patterns

python
wkd = input("Enter Week Name:").upper()

match wkd:
    case "MONDAY" | "TUESDAY" | "WEDNESDAY" | "THURSDAY" | "FRIDAY":
        print("{} is Working Day".format(wkd))
    case "SATURDAY":
        print("{} is Weekd END".format(wkd))
    case "SUNDAY":
        print("{} is Holi Day".format(wkd))
    case _:
        print("{} is not a week day--try again".format(wkd))

Example 3 — Base conversion calculator

Grouped cases with | handle 12 conversion options from the teaching notes:

python
s = """
            =======================================================
            Base Conversion Calculator
            =======================================================
                    1. D to B
                    2. D to O
                    3. D to H
                    ------------
                    4. B to D
                    5. B to O
                    6. B to H
                    -------------
                    7. O to D
                    8. O to B
                    9. O to H
                    ------------
                    10. H to D
                    11. H to B
                    12. H to O
            ====================================================="""
print(s)
ch = int(input("Enter Ur Choice:"))

match ch:
    case 1 | 2 | 3:
        d = int(input("Enter Decimal Number:"))
        bv = bin(d)
        ov = oct(d)
        hv = hex(d)
        print("Bin({})={}".format(d, bv))
        print("Oct({})={}".format(d, ov))
        print("Hex({})={}".format(d, hv))
    case 4 | 5 | 6:
        x = input("enter binary value preceded with 0b:")
        dv = int(x, 2)
        ov = oct(int(x, 2))
        hv = hex(int(x, 2))
        print("Dec({})={}".format(x, dv))
        print("Oct({})={}".format(x, ov))
        print("hex({})={}".format(x, hv))
    case 7 | 8 | 9:
        x = input("enter Octal value preceded with 0o:")
        dv = int(x, 8)
        bv = bin(int(x, 8))
        hv = hex(int(x, 8))
        print("Dec({})={}".format(x, dv))
        print("Bin({})={}".format(x, bv))
        print("hex({})={}".format(x, hv))
    case 10 | 11 | 12:
        x = input("enter hex decimal value preceded with 0x:")
        dv = int(x, 16)
        bv = bin(int(x, 16))
        ov = oct(int(x, 16))
        print("Dec({})={}".format(x, dv))
        print("Bin({})={}".format(x, bv))
        print("Oct({})={}".format(x, ov))
    case _:
        print("Ur selection of Operation is Wrong-Try again")

Example menus from notes

Area of different figures:

text
R. Rectangle
S. Square
C. Circle
T. Triangle
E. Exit

Temperature conversion calculator (homework):

Choice Conversion
1 Fahrenheit to Celsius: C = (F − 32) × (5/9)
2 Fahrenheit to Kelvin: K = (F − 32) × (5/9) + 273.15
3 Celsius to Fahrenheit: F = C × (9/5) + 32
4 Celsius to Kelvin: K = C + 273.15
5 Kelvin to Celsius: C = K − 273.15
6 Kelvin to Fahrenheit: F = (K − 273.15) × (9/5) + 32
7 Exit

Knowledge check

Q1: What does case _ mean?
Answer: Default case — runs when no other case matches.

Q2: How combine multiple labels in one case?
Answer: Use | — e.g. case "MON" | "TUE":

Next: File 06 — while Loop

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